his is the dilemma of international justice without international order. There are precedents in other conflicts where international interventions against oppressors have left their victims exposed; among them Nato's bombing of Serbia in 1999, which in the absence of support from ground-forces left Kosovo Albanians at the mercy of Milosevic's forces. In the case of Darfur, the small contingents of African Union peacekeepers lack both the capacity to fully protect civilians and a mandate to contest the Sudanese government's control.